Employment laws Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business laws - Research Paper Example A portion of the work laws related with human services foundations are secured by the Federal laws, while numerous other lawful standards and arrangements come surprisingly close to State laws. Numerous states, including North Carolina have passed laws relating to singular rights, business and human services (North Carolina Department of Labor, 2012). A portion of the medicinal services work arrangements secured by the State laws incorporate hours and wages, accreditations and enrollment, youngster care laws, proficient authorizing, medical coverage and business related preparing for human services experts (North Carolina Department of Labor, 2012). All human services laborers with particular preparing and aptitudes, including specialists, experts and medical attendants are for the most part secured by the Federal and State work laws. A portion of the states like Wisconsin have gone one stage forward to authorize laws that defend the medicinal services experts from counter on the off chance that they end up being informants with respect to any infringement of principles or morals in a human services organization. Notwithstanding the Federal and State arrangements, there are numerous provinces and regions that have passed laws covering compensation, work hours, security gauges and worker boss rights. In that specific situation, it will be truly fascinating to dig on a portion of the striking work laws that a VP of Human Resource in a social insurance foundation should be acquainted with. This undertaking will essentially include the work laws coming surprisingly close to Federal and State ward. The Fair Labor Standards Act relating to wages and hours sets up the principles for wages and extra time pay that are to be bought in by shifted open and private medicinal services associations (United States Department of Labor, 2012). It is the Wage and Hour Division which is fundamentally responsible to deal with the arrangements of this demonstration. This law will in general oversee the base wages and the additional time compensation paid to the laborers

Music Essay on John Coltrane Example For Students

Music Essay on John Coltrane A genuine visionary, John Trance Chlorates life desire was o make another sound and another music, and in doing as such, he committed his life to Jazz. His commitment was incredibly amazing to audience members, and his pieces were imparted into Jazz history. John Trance Chlorate was at first acquainted with standard Jazz audience members as a sideman and shot to acclaim in the two Miles Davis and Telethons Monks groups in the late backtalk (Priestley 1988: 122). Chlorates devotion to consummating authority of the saxophone was huge. Indeed, even Miles Davis remarked on Chlorates desire to progress. John Chlorate was just truly worried about improving his playing and composing, and growing up as a performer imposer. Those objectives turned into a fixation. Ladies, drugs, liquor, cash, power ?all were optional or had gotten unessential in his life. He was an absolutely ardent performer. (Wheaton 1998: 162) Chlorate first picked up unmistakable quality as a sideman in Quite a while Davis bunches in the late backtalk and drove his own group of four start in 1961 (Priestley 1988:123). Chlorates bunch included piano player McCoy Toner, bassist Steve Davis (later Jimmy Garrison), and drummer Elvin Jones, making a group of four that is apparently the most compelling Jazz combo ever (Griddle 2009:294). The mix of Joneses capability and creative mind combined with Toners interesting titlists approach and Garrisons rhythms made a vigorously powerful band for people in the future. Chlorates force flabbergasted everybody including his band mates who once in a while made some troublesome memories staying aware of his hour-long performances. At the point when Davis addressed why he didn't just play for a shorter period, Chlorate reacted: l engaged in this thing and I dont realize how to stop (Crow 1990: 36). Nearby with Charlie Parker, Chlorate is frequently applauded as the most persuasive saxophone player in Jazz history, urging artists to imitate his force and ground-breaking exhibitions. All through his profession, Chlorate investigated new outskirts, stretching out to investigate Spanish and African music and entirely consolidating Indian religion into his future creations. Chlorates order of his craft was extraordinary to such an extent that his compositional and improvisational ideas were utilized by several saxophonists as well as by piano players, trumpeters, and guitarists (Griddle 2009: 289). Chlorates procedures were appropriate to such an extent that even artists of different instruments were profoundly affected by him. Since Chlorates period during the backtalk, his music has propelled verse, model, and current move, showing his far reaching Music Essay on John Chlorate By dancegoer merging of both Sonny Stilts impact and his own new strategies; a couple of his key melodic marks included multimillion and cry, generally like screeching and crying clamors that were painstakingly remembered for his plans (Griddle 2009: 290). Chlorate regularly tried different things with sound and strategies, making a few mark gadgets he utilized over and over in his famous chronicles (Ballet 2000: 826). Maybe most notable are Chlorates all around orchestrated and made harmony changes. He added harmonies to existing harmony movements in a moving way to make ewe, exceptional ad lib performances (Griddle 2009: 290). Chlorates skill for picking perfect harmonies isolates him from the numerous different artists who included harmony movements. A prime model is Chlorates Giant Steps which end up being a monstrously troublesome melody to ad lib after, testing and pushing performers towards more noteworthy act of spontaneity dominance. Albeit for the most part known for peppy pieces, Chlorate was likewise one of the preeminent anthem players who had the aptitude to channel a similar vitality of brisk melodies into amazing and passionate ditties (Ballet 2000: 291). The performers melodies are frequently suggestive of nostalgic sentiments, being particularly well known among audience members and admirers. Chlorate additionally promoted use of the pedal point, where a solitary note rehashes ceaselessly underneath the song, making anticipation and pressure in the tune (Griddle 2009:291). .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860 , .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860 .postImageUrl , .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860 , .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860:hover , .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860:visited , .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860:active { border:0!important; } .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860:active , .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860:hover { murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u6c56395058d37ee57 cd62ccfbe372860 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u6c56395058d37ee57cd62ccfbe372860:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Music Essay ThesisIn option, Chlorate used his own sheets-of-sound strategy to make thick sounding extemporizations basically comprising of quick progressions of single notes; he effectively joined the style consistently to his exhibitions, including one more layer of trouble and power to his music (Wheaton 1994:162). Chlorates inventive utilization of novel procedures in his sytheses and impromptu creations separates him or more the standard of music at his time, making a perfect character figure of present day Jazz. Indeed, even in Chlorates early collections, for example, Blue Train, he shows his authority of the tenor saxophone and his astounding execution of very troublesome tunes, bringing about novel harmonies and tones (Priestley 1988:123). Chlorate investigated styles that were less subject to preset development of harmonies when contrasted with bop and that were regularly connected with the modular and free Jazz styles. The modular methodology, undemanding on amicability, was an abnormality from Chlorates regular requesting harmony movements. Rather, the modular methodology was undemanding and substantially more shortsighted while as yet holding Chlorates spontaneous creation strategies. Chlorate applied this way to deal with his front of My Favorite Things, a well known collection that enlivened numerous performers to copy Chlorates increasingly oversimplified style (Griddle 2009: 292). My Favorite Things spoke to Chlorates triumphant mix of surface quietness and internal disturbance (Priestley 1988:124). Chlorates provoked curiosity in free Jazz included going amiss away from preset harmony relapses and soloist and backup differentiations (Griddle 2009: 292). Be that as it may, Chlorates famous free Jazz chronicles dont follow all the rules to consider them completely free as there are perceptible preset game plans. As a noticeable bandleader, promptly post Chlorates raid in free Jazz, this style turned out to be progressively famous among present day artists. Chlorate set up his capacity to grasp and advance new styles of Jazz execution both in his own playing just as his supporters music. Particularly during the free-Jazz time frame, Chlorate was seen as a Chlorate advanced the saxophone instrument and had such huge numbers of devotees of his style that at a certain point, pundits remarked on the absence of innovation. His style development from thick and troublesome harmony movements to modular and free Jazz to tempestuous impromptu creation proclaimed new floods of supporters all through his vocation (Ballet 2000: 825). John Chlorates sway was even stretched out to his counterparts, an indication of his extraordinary enveloping impact. The grandness and profundity of his duty to his specialty was exceptional to the point that it enlivened several performers (Wheaton 1994:164), which made more elevated levels of authority inside the Jazz workmanship. No ifs, ands or buts, Chlorate was one of the most critical Jazz performers ever, a living legend even in his own period. Chlorates across the board noticeable quality and snappy tunes pushed ages of performers looking to imitate his styles and procedures so that right up 'til the present time, his imprint upon current Jazz is still intensely felt. With an enthusiasm for execution not resembled by either peers or key performers, Chlorate has obviously ruled through a short however huge profession in Jazz history.

Student Essay Samples - Tips For Finding Some Good Ones

Student Essay Samples - Tips For Finding Some Good OnesIf you have been looking for some good student essay samples that can help you write your academic writing, then you've come to the right place. You will find some good tips on how to make sure that you are able to complete your course requirements without having a writing problem. You'll be able to get tips on how to choose the best essay samples, how to write a good one, and also how to get some great assistance from an essay ghostwriter.If you are just starting out in college, then you should first of all try to learn some basic tips on how to write a student essay. Some things that you need to know about this are that they should be brief, straightforward, and should offer the most information possible. You should try to make your essay short but effective. Good writing is not only a skill that you learn, but also a skill that you learn by experience.There are various essay papers that are offered for college students; howeve r, it is always better to work with a sample on hand so that you can work it out without having to get the real deal. An important part of using academic essay samples is the fact that they should be well written, clear, and well structured. You should never use these essay papers as a template when you are trying to compose your own.When you are looking for essay examples, it is very important that you make sure that you are going to be able to follow the instructions when it comes to creating your own academic writing. There are plenty of people who can assist you on this, but you need to make sure that you are able to ask them questions about how to get started. It is also important that you ask them what kind of sample essays are usually provided by the company that you have chosen.Some of the basic things that you should be able to do when you're looking for samples are asking questions about whether or not the writer had done any of the same kind of work that you're looking fo r. This is because some students are unable to follow instructions and so they will end up making mistakes. It is also important that you keep a tab on how well the writer does with the assignments and tests that you give them.One thing that you need to make sure of is that the samples are well-written and that they have professional quality. Many people get samples from the wrong source; so make sure that you are always looking for samples that are from a reliable source. A professional writer will always be able to help you with this, as well as giving you tips on how to make sure that you are able to use the sample as a template for your own writing.There are lots of different types of essay samples that you will find on the internet; however, it is always better to go through a website that has more than one type of writing available. So if you are looking for a wide range of topics for you to write about, you should look for a website that offers a wide range of types of academ ic writing. There are plenty of websites that specialize in different types of writing; therefore, there are more types of writing available than ever before.Finally, you will also want to consider what kind of help that you want when it comes to composing your papers. Some students don't want to help, so they will find their own academic writing and write their own. On the other hand, some students want help with their writing, so they will search for academic writing samples that are designed to help them write their own writing.

Global Variables in Ruby

Global Variables are variables that may be accessed from anywhere in the program regardless of scope. Theyre denoted by beginning with a $ (dollar sign) character. However, the use of global variables is often considered un-Ruby, and you will rarely see them. Defining Global Variables Global variables are defined and used like any other variable. To define them, simply assign a value to them and begin using them. But, as their name suggests, assigning to global variables from any point in the program has global implications. The following program demonstrates this. The method will modify a global variable, and that will affect how the second method runs. $speed 10 def accelerate $speed 100 end def pass_speed_trap if $speed 65 # Give the program a speeding ticket end end accelerate pass_speed_trap Unpopular So why is this un-Ruby and why dont you see global variables very often? Put simply, it breaks encapsulation. If any one class or method can modify the state of the global variables at will with no interface layer, any other classes or methods that rely on that global variable may behave in an unexpected and undesirable manner. Further, such interactions can be very difficult to debug. What modified that global variable and when? Youll be looking through quite a lot of code to find what did it, and that could have been avoided by not breaking the rules of encapsulation. But thats not to say that global variables are never used in Ruby. There are a number of special global variables with single-character names (a-la Perl) that can be used throughout your program. They represent the state of the program itself, and do things like modify the record and field separators for all gets methods. Global Variables $0 - This variable, denoted by $0 (thats a zero), holds the name of the top-level script being executed. In other words, the script file that was run from the command line, not the script file that holds the currently executing code. So, if script1.rb was run from the command line, it would hold script1.rb. If this script requires script2.rb, $0 in that script file would also be script1.rb. The name $0 mirrors the naming convention used in UNIX shell scripting for the same purpose.$* - The command-line arguments in an array denoted by $* (dollar sign and asterisk). For example, if you were to run ./script.rb arg1 arg2, then $* would be equivalent to %w{ arg1 arg2 }. This is equivalent to the special ARGV array and has a less descriptive name, so it is rarely used.$$ - The interpreters process ID, denoted by $$ (two dollar signs). Knowing ones own process ID is often useful in daemon programs (which run in the background, unattached from any terminal) or system services. However, this gets a bit more complicated when threads are involved, so be wary of using it blindly.$/ and $\ - These are the input and output record separators. When you read objects using gets and print them using puts, it uses these to know when a complete record has been read, or what to print between multiple records. By default, these should be the newline character. But since these affect the behavior of all IO objects, theyre rarely used, if at all. You may see them in smaller scripts where breaking the encapsulation rules is not an issue.$? - The exit status of the last child process executed. Of all the variables listed here, this is probably the most useful. The reason for this is simple: you cant get the exit status of child processes by their return value from the system method, only true or false. If you must know the actual return value of the child process, you need to use this special global variable. Again, the name of this variable is taken from the UNIX shells.$_ - The last s tring read by gets. This variable may be a point of confusion for those coming to Ruby from Perl. In Perl, the $_ variable means something similar, but totally different. In Perl, $_ holds the value of the last statement and in Ruby it holds the string returned by the previous gets invocation. Their usage is similar, but what they really hold is very different. You dont often see this variable either (come to think of it, you rarely see any of these variables), but you may see them in very short Ruby programs that process text. In short, youll rarely see global variables. Theyre often bad form (and un-Ruby) and only really useful in very small scripts, where the full implication of their use can be fully appreciated. There are a few special global variables that can be used, but for the most part, they arent used. You dont really need to know all that much about global variables to understand most Ruby programs, but you should at least know that theyre there.

Domestic And International Terroristic Acts - 1473 Words

Domestic and international terroristic acts have been a part of our society for many years with the intensity of those crimes increasing as the population increases. This phenomenon is bound to remain in our world as long as there are people who oppose viewpoints and idealism of other people. Based on whether the terrorist group is domestic or international organization, there are differences and similarities in how terror acts are carried out. According to â€Å"section 802 of the USA PATRIOT Act the definition of terrorism was expanded to cover domestic, as opposed to international, terrorism. A person engages in domestic terrorism if they do an act dangerous to human life that is a violation of the criminal laws of a state or the†¦show more content†¦It would not take much to push a person of this mentality over the edge towards lashing out on the government in terroristic behavior taking their frustrations out on the ones who have denied them employment. Hate crimes are the chief cause of domestic terrorism here in the United States with more acts of deterrence occurring among single individuals acting alone to make a point of their disagreement in delicate matters, such as race, ethnicity, sexuality, or religion. This country was founded and formed on the freedom from all of these types of discrimination, but there still seems to be individuals who feel it is there place to â€Å"rid† the world of people who are different from themselves. Not only does hate crimes violate the above stated groups, but it also includes property and the victimization of whole societies. Timothy McVeigh is a prime example of a terroristic act stemming from hate. On April 19, 1995, he orchestrated the blowing up of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma killing men, women, and sadly children. Initially charged to an Islamic Fundamentalists organization, this error in identification spurred numerous retaliatory, violent acts before it was concluded that Timothy McVeigh acted alone. This retaliatory nature shows just how violent acts can cause a domino effect with huge repercussions and consequences (Anderson, et

Wal Mart As A Research Organization - 883 Words

Introduction For this research paper, I would like to select Wal-Mart as a research organization. Wal-Mart was initiated by Sam Walton in 1962. In addition, this is an American multinational retail corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores and warehouse stores in approximately 27 countries. Moreover, the organization operates its business throughout e-commerce websites in around 10 countries and in every week about 245 million customers visits these sites. Furthermore, as per the Fortune Global 500 list, in 2013, Wal-Mart was the second biggest public corporation and the biggest private company in the all over the world. It is the world’s prevalent retailer organization that has about two million employees to perform all the business activities in an effective manner. In addition, as per the financial report 2013, the revenues of the corporation were approximately US$ 469.162 billion. On the other hand, for this paper I would like to select Wal-Mart due to several reasons. For case, the major reason behind it is that Wal-Mart is a modern organization that adopts and implement innovative ideas as well as methods to perform its all the business activities in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Along with this, the company works on an effective principle: â€Å"save money and live better.† Moreover, Wal-Mart is an organization that is universal that makes them very diverse in the world. Diversity Audit A diversity audit refers as a systematic andShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Structure Paper1182 Words   |  5 PagesWal-Mart Week Four Ind. Doc. Frank MGT/230 January 14, 2013 Professor Wal-Mart As an organization Wal-Mart has grown into a global and multimillion dollar company in America and around the world. They have been at the top of the list for the fortune and global 500 for years. They make big headlines both good and bad. 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Wal-Mart is the world’s largest company by revenue, according to Fortune Global 500 list in 2014 and the biggest private employer in the world with over two millions employees. Wal-Mart analytical strategy is to focus on selling products at low prices to get higher volume salesRead More Gender Discrimination at Wal-Mart Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout organizations in both the United States and worldwide. The Supreme Court case, Dukes vs. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., dealt with 1.5 million current and former female Wal-Mart employees that claim that they had been a victim of gender discrimination. The ensuing pages will discuss the specific issues that the plaintiffs encountered, followed by suggestions from a human resource manager’s stand point in rectifying adverse impact within the Wal-Mart organization. Gender Discrimination at Wal-Mart

International Business Marketing Strategy Report of Nike

Question: As a marketing consultant for Nike Inc. you have been asked to recommend 2 international growth markets for it to enter in 2017/18. Growth markets should be countries or cities where there is currently no presence. Primary focus for market entry will be through physical store presence but you may recommend that online presence may be required to support this. You should prepare a report for the board of directors addressing your consultancy brief, this should include: An analysis of the macro and micro factors impacting on the sports retail market and the market recommendations An analysis of Nike Inc. internal business factors An evaluation of market potential, to include an identified shortlist of markets with potential. Then using a clear and identified screening criteria, select two recommended markets with clear justification as to why these markets have been selected. Recommended and justified market entry strategy to take Nike Inc. into each of these markets Recommended adaptations to Nikes marketing mix for the proposed markets, ensuring differences in culture and consumer behaviour are recognised in their marketing mix activity. Answer: Introduction: The assignment report based upon global marketing strategy of Nike. There are different layers is done in the assignment to make strong perspective of international marketing. The model company Nike is taken for analysis because it has strong business management strategies for global expansion. The prime purpose of the report is to analysis the business process of Nike through several theoretical approaches such as porters value chain, SWOT analysis. The business growth is also highlighted everywhere in the project to make it authentic. The changes in sales percentage in different countries with different companies is given for better understanding about the business growth made by Nike. Prior that, the discussion is done about market entry strategy taken by Nike for international business expansion (Nike 2016).Finally a conclusion has drawn to complete this assignment with proper referencing. Situation analysis: The situation analysis can be conducted through porters value chain and SWOT analysis on Nikes business process. Porters value chain: At the earlier part most important micro factors of Nike has taken to analysis. As the subject is about international business expansion, the Macro factors should analyze to learn the practical scenario in relevant industry. Then macro analysis has done to show how the company is doing its business management internally (Bhalla 2011). Strength, weakness, opportunities and threats are also discussed in this assignment to reflect a management theory. Two different countries market is taken to analysis potentiality with two different same industry companies. The business growth is also highlighted everywhere in the project to make it authentic. The changes in sales percentage in different countries with different companies is given for better understanding about the business growth made by Nike (Day 2013). The discussion is done about market entry strategy taken by Nike for international business expansion (Ball 2013). Finally, a conclusion has drawn to complete this assignment with pro per referencing. Porters value chain consists of two activities such as primary and secondary activities. Primary activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics marketing and sales, and service. On the other hand, the secondary activities are such as procurement, human resource management, technological development and infrastructure (Borgianni, Cascini and Rotini 2012). The value chain Figure 1: Porters value chain (Source: Chandy 2014) Nike purchases most raw materials in bulk. They are specialized in materials importation. Inbound logistics includes the local logistics in the market. On the other hand, the operation involves outsourcing, manufacturing and assembly. The organization believes in the effective supply chain management. Quality control is the prime factor of their success in the market. The outbound logistics includes the strong control over global distribution channel. The organization delivers the products within the given period (Brands 2011). In the marketing and sales department, the organization prefers high brand recognition and reputation in the market. Nike make the value based pricing strategy for their consumers. In the service category, Nike provides several services such as customers care, pre and after sales services, and value added services. The human resource management has global learning and staff training facilities for their employees (Gong 2013). It facilitates the organization to maintain healthy relationship with the employees in the organization. The firm infrastructure includes IT system supply chain, E-commerce infrastructure and strong financial position and CSR. The technical team of the organization always tries to develop their products to attract more customers in the market. Summary of key issues: There are several key issues in the business process of Nike. The global supply chain of Nike is very complex network and it directly connects and influences a wide range of people in the market. There are several groups of stakeholders in the company such as customers, buyers, suppliers, workers and communities. The organization has great opportunity to engage each of these stakeholders in the working to create economic development in the business. The vital issue of the company is to develop proper pricing strategy for the consumer in the market. Without proper pricing model, the organization would not be able to engage large numbers of customers in their business chain. Puma and Adidas are two threats of the organization. hence, Nike has been improving their business model in order to compete with these companies in the global market. Market selection process: Marketing selection involves seven major steps such as marketing objectives, commercial production, test marketing, evaluation and selection, short-listing the markets, preliminary screening and parameters for selection. The prime objective of the company is to maintain the quality and increase the availability of products in the market. Nike has been focusing on the promotion for sustainable development of the product design and novelty. The organization follows some parameters in order to categorize the potential market. Nike collects feedback from their customers for developing their products in the international market (Connor and Lande 2012). The product demand of the customer changes frequently. Therefore, the company focuses on the product development based on the current market trends. The main strength of the company is their promotional activity. They have been commercializing products to expand the business in the international market. Through the engagement of evaluation and selection, company chose their potential market for brand advertisement. Nike targets the sports section for promotion of their brand. The objective of the company is to spread the products in all sports departments. Nike places strong emphasis on the DTC (direct to consumer) channel in the market. Although, company has the traditional method of advertising in the form of television, radio, news paper, Nike also involves them in using contemporary marketing instruments such as the internet (Grant 2015). Nike has big competitors such as Adidas and puma. Therefore, the organization relies on the strong commercial production. They have engaged several famous sports personalities for targeting their potential market. Nike targets the fitness centric community in the society. Company has started individual marketing for customers in the market. It allows customers to personalize and design their own Nike merchandise. Online services are also a strong weapon for the company to engage large section of community in the society (Healy and Palepu 2012). Figure 2: Marketing selection process (Source: Hollensen 2015) Recommended markets and market entry strategies: The aggressive pricing of the products does not allow the company to engage more customers in the society. Although the organization focuses on the products quality, they need to focus on their pricing model. If company can make a decent range of pricing of their products, they could increase their customers chain in the market. Therefore, it could facilitate them in enhancing their business in the global market. Company could follow a strategic approach for entering into a new market. The strategic approaches involves some steps such as asses the market, asses competition, chose entry option, and chose business model and implementation of strategy (Matsuno and Mentzer 2012). First, the organization must evaluate the size, growth and the demand drive of the new market. In the second step, company must identify the competition through analyzing the current market situation. Nike must choose the entry option whether they want to make business long-term basis or not. Company could colla borate with the local partners for entering into a new market. It makes the entry process easier for the business. Nike needs to choose the proper business model in order to make entrance into new demographic area. Finally, they need to implement actual strategy for the enhancement of the business. Company could face several difficulties in making footstep into the new market (Rothaermel 2015). Through the engagement of these processes, the organization could easily make entry into the new demographic area. Figure 3: Strategy for entering into new market (Source: Sadgrove 2015) Marketing strategies: Nike founder Phil Knight said Business is a war without bullet. There must be some exceptional strategy, which is taken by Nike to win the business world and the war as well. From the above discussion, there are different businesses entry scheme is seen in the assignment. These are follows: Excellent product: Nike is capturing global sports market by producing excellent footwear (Verbeke 2013). The footwear is stylish and scientific for health so the players easily choose it to use. The management authority of Nike for better production of shoes hires physical expertise and technical stuffs. Therefore the consumer are assured about the product quality and purchasing the sports shoes. The growing phase of business starts from here of Nike. Then the subject of Product Range Nike is not only producing better product but also make comparative price respective to other footwear making companys accords the world. The reasonable priced shoes can be effort by the athletes and they are consuming it (Wetherly and Otter 2014). Brand Value Nike Inc has made its brand value from the time of its basketball sneaker. Nike has hired the basketball star Michele Jordan for promotion of its footwear. Finally get goodwill and implemented other products in its business process. Then they started selling other sports equipments throughout the world market. Utilizing market scope As it is discussed before that Nike has coached the wind of FIFA world cup 2014 by introducing it different style of footwear models among the sports stars. Adidas was concentrating to sell soccer footwear but Nike launched training and running shoes to catch another scope of business. Finally, Nike succeeded to grow its sales volume than Adidas (Zikmund et al. 2012). These were the strategies taken by Nike Inc for international marketing in sports equipment industry. Marketing mix: Nike is one of the pioneer organizations in marketing. The marketing mix of Nike is one of the strongest parts of their business. The organization believes in the pull strategy to accomplish the business in an effective manner. Products: Nike has wide range of products such as shoes, apparels, equipment. These products belong to its top selling category. They have started selling their sports products in 1979 (Nike 2016). Company has established the brand name by manufacturing the superior quality sports shoes. Therefore, the prime product of the company is sports elements. Price: Nike has designed the competitive pricing for their customers. The pricing is based on premium segment as target customers. High pricing policy of the company suggests their high brand value in the global market. They have targeted a particular section of community for selling their products. Although the company is pioneer for the sports products, they have been focusing on the new product development (Bhalla 2011). Sometimes, the aggressive pricing model of the company hampers their business in the market. Place: Nike shoes are exclusively available in the multi-brand stores. Nike has been selling their products almost 200 countries around the world (Nike 2016). Nike has the independent distributors for selling their products in the international market. The organization sells their products through independent distributors and licensees. Promotion: Nike has built their brand value in the global market through their wide range of products. Company has strongly been marketing their products on the online platform to enhance the brand value in the international market. The product promotion of the company depends on the accessible store locations. They also target on the advertising on the printing media such as newspaper, article etc. Nike has a number of famous faces for their promotion in the market. They have engaged famous sports faces such as Ronaldo, Renaldo, and Roberto carlos to promote their products worldwide. Moreover, Nike sponsors many events such as Hoop It Up and The Golden West Invitational (Gong 2013). Through the engagement of their promotional activity, the organization has been enhancing their brand image in the global market. People: In this segment, organization engages individuals on marketing activity. They are the target customers of the company. Nike is famous for their sport items, and hence, it targets the sports segment to promote their products. They have engaged some famous sports personalities in order to make healthy promotion in the global market. However, company has been focusing on the other community of the society to promote their products. Process: The process of the product is essential in implementing proper marketing. It facilitates in determining the capability of product for supplying the demand of the customers in the society. Through the engagement of proper processing, company can enhance the profitability in the market. Nike has been focusing on their distribution channel in the market so that the product can be delivered in short period. It enhances the business growth in the global market. Physical evidence: The physical evidence is the first distinction of a product. Product could be easily recognized by its appearance. The brand value of Nike allows them to engage long chain of customers in the global market. Company has a unique branding logo of their products. Moreover, the stylish sports shoes attract customers to use products for long period. The organization does not compromise with the quality of the products. Therefore, quality is a prime factor of their successful business in the global market. Figure 4: Marketing Mix (7Ps) (Source: Meyer and Xia 2012) Two market recommendations: Nike needs to evaluate the size of the market in order to make footstep in the international market. Although company has been successfully making business in the international market, company needs to evaluate the size of the new market in order to establish the business in an effective manner. The organization needs to adapt new market strategy for engaging the local customers. It could be accomplished through collaborating with the local partners in the market. Conclusion: Nike remains the dominant characteristic in global footwear market for its product style. Nikes shoes have heavy demand in developed countries and underdeveloped countries. Two strong points have found form the above analysis i.e. stylish sports footwear production and same kind of product in same range introduced by Nike in global market (Bhattacharya 1977). Further strategies for emerging product market can lead strong growth in coming Years. The Company committed to integrate emerging technologies to its production, which would be an opportunity to growth. It is known to other sports equipment producing brand all over the world that Nike will overcome its threats and weakness by its quality product, strength and opportunities. In the earlier years of 20th century, Adidas was ruling the European market but Nike has made strong footprint with its quality footwear (Dufey and Giddy 1978). Now days, Nike is increasing business than Adidas there. The growing phase of business indicates that Nike will spread its business in Central and Eastern Europe with success. Time management by taking market scope is one of the key success factor taken by Nike for business improvement in the year of 2014 FIFA football world cup. Finally, it can be concluded that Nike is not only the best sports equipment making company but also a threat for other giant footwear production company across the world. References: Ball, D. 2013. International business. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Bentley, K.A., Omer, T.C. and Sharp, N.Y., 2013. Business strategy, financial reporting irregularities, and audit effort.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(2), pp.780-817. Bhalla, G. 2011.Collaboration and co-creation. New York: Springer. Borgianni, Y., Cascini, G., and Rotini, F. 2012. Investigating the Patterns of Value-Oriented Innovations in Blue Ocean Strategy. International Journal Of Innovation Science, 4(3), 123-142. https://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1757-2223.4.3.123 Brands, H. 2011. Evaluating Brazilian Grand Strategy under Lula. Comparative Strategy, 30(1), 28-49. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2011.545686 Buzan, T., Griffiths, C. and Harrison, J., 2014.Mind Maps for Business Revolutionise your business thinking and practice. Chandy, R. 2014. Making your social media strategy work. Business Strategy Review, 25(1), 77-77. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8616.2014.01035.x Connor, J.M. and Lande, R.H., 2012. Cartels as rational business strategy: Day, G. 2013.Innovation Prowess. New York: Wharton Digital Press. Gong, Y. 2013. Global operations strategy. Berlin: Springer. Grant, R.M., 2015.Contemporary Strategy Analysis 9e Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Healy, P. and Palepu, K., 2012. Business Analysis Valuation: Using Financial Statements. Cengage Learning. Hollensen, S. 2013. The Blue Ocean that disappeared the case of Nintendo Wii. Journal Of Business Strategy, 34(5), 25-35. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-02-2013-0012 Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Matsuno, K. and Mentzer, J.T., 2012. The effects of strategy type on the market orientation-performance relationship.Journal of marketing,64(4), pp.1-16. Meyer, K., and Estrin, S. 2014. Local Context and Global Strategy: Extending the Integration Responsiveness Framework to Subsidiary Strategy. Global Strategy Journal, 4(1), 1-19. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-5805.2013.01071.x Meyer, K., and Xia, H. 2012. British entrepreneurs, global visions. Business Strategy Review, 23(2), 52-57. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8616.2012.00846.x Nike, 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.nike.com/gb/en_gb/ [Accessed 27 Mar. 2016]. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Sadgrove, M.K., 2015.The complete guide to business risk management. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Verbeke, A., 2013.International business strategy. Cambridge University Press Wetherly, P. and Otter, D., 2014.The business environment: themes and issues in a globalizing world. Oxford University Press. Zikmund, W., Babin, B., Carr, J. and Griffin, M., 2012.Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

Nicotine And Tobacco Essays - Smoking, Tobacco,

Nicotine And Tobacco "One out of three people who use tobacco will die from it." Nearly 3,000 young Americans each day become regular smokers. Of these, 1,000 will die early from tobacco-related diseases. More Americans die due to complications from smoking than from any other major killer such as AIDS, car accidents, drug abuse and homicide. Why do so many people continue to smoke when they know the possible risks involved? Many have become addicted to cigarettes because of the addictive substance, nicotine, which cigarettes contain. How much did tobacco companies know about this addictive substance, and what is their defense for making addicts of their customers? Also, do people realize how much money they are actually spending on cigarettes? These reasons and many more are the reason tobacco is so addictive (www.tc.bmjjournals) Nicotine, the chemical substance found in tobacco leaves, is recognized as a highly addictive drug. Tobacco originated from the Western Hemisphere and eventually spread to Europe by explorers such as Columbus. In the early 1600's the colonists introduced tobacco to America, and eventually it became one of the major crop and trading commodities of the Jamestown colony. Unfortunately people were not aware of the adverse affects of tobacco until the 1960's. Since the public has been informed about the possible health risks of smoking, over 38 million people have quit smoking. Matherne 2 However, 50 million Americans, regardless of the medical research, continue to put their health at risk. (www.historian.org) The cigarette manufacturers used a series of unscientific techniques to make people be skeptic about the addictivness of nicotine. The manufacturers invented a definition of addictiveness, which said, addiction is "intoxication, tolerance and a physical dependency that was manifested by withdrawal"(www.tc.bmjjournals). Because smokers are not intoxicated, the industry argued that it was ridiculous to concur that nicotine was addictive. The tobacco industry also falsely claimed that because smokers can quite on their own that it is impossible to be addictive. However, they failed to note that no scientific authority on addiction ever considered being able to quit on your own an attribute for a non-addictive substance (www.tc.bmjjournals). According to the FDA, "many heroin addicts become abstinent by themselves, and more than three-quarters of recovered alcoholics in a recent survey achieved success without formal treatment" (www.tc.bmjjournals). Another erroneous statement made by cigarette companies is that because smokers do not use "ever-increasing amounts to achieve a desired effect," than nicotine does not influence tolerance. Despite the manufacturer's feeble attempt to manipulate the facts, the truth is that over a third of occasional users do become daily smokers. To attach further information that nicotine is an addicting substance, a new study shows that nicotine stimulates the "reward system" in the brain (www.news.bbc.co). This area of the brain is proven to be targeted by such drugs as cocaine, amphetamines, and morphines. Results from research on this new documentation suggest that some methods used to treat cocaine addition may be useful Matherne 3 for smokers as well. Hopefully smokers will have enough money to afford help if they didn't already spend on their cigarette addiction. (www.http://cnn.com) The cost of cigarettes lately is outrageous. One pack is almost four dollars. If you smoke two packs a day, in a week you might have spent over thirty-five dollars or more. That's money that could be used to pay car notes, or insurance. Many people do not realize the amount of money they spend on healthcare due to cigarette smoke. "Nationally it cost 72.7 billion dollars a year to treat smokers who suffer from smoking-related diseases" (www.health.state). That is a lot of tax dollars that's going to people who are only hurting themselves. All you are really paying for by smoking is an early ticket to see God. Most smokers are not aware of the possible damage smoking can cause to their health. In women "smoking increases your risk of cervical and rectal cancer....smoking worsens your period....smoking damages your fertility....and smoking can affect your unborn babies" (www.cnn.com). If all women smoker's knew the actual effects smoking has on them and their future offspring, there would be many soon-to-be nonsmokers. Men aren't off the hook either. In a man " smoking increases the chance of impotence....smoking impairs sperm mobility....and smoking changes the shape of the sperm, which may be related to a greater incidence of miscarriages and birth defects" (www.health.state). So all the myths about "it's the women's fault for miscarriages" is false. Men who smoke have a 50% responsibility for the absence of a newborn child. Even though all this information on smoking is out there, people continue to smoke and

India, Known for Outsourcing, Expands in Industry

India, Known for Outsourcing, Expands in Industry Introduction The India’s economic liberalization policies have created a competitive economic environment for growth and trade over the years. Basically, the India’s economic growth has been possible as a result of the expansionary policies geared towards sustainable trade in a friendly market. This analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the importance of international economics, the principle of comparative advantage, and modern trade theory from the article, â€Å"India, known for outsourcing, expands in industry†.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on India, Known for Outsourcing, Expands in Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More International economics, comparative advantage, and modern trade theory The article shows that a good economic policy model should have five key attributes to spur growth and attract economic boom. Same as the situation in India, it should have a good man agement system for its public and debts finances. The second aspect considers arrangements that ensure stability in monetary policies. Thirdly, a government has to create incentives that help in modeling domestic and international economic development goals. Fourthly, the economic system shouldensure that there is creation of an independent system of operation. This helps in setting and dealing with the economic policies that create desirable trade conditions in the economy. The last aspect under consideration is the development of a well established security market by the government to ensure sustainability of its economic development policies, targeting the global market (Giridharadas, 2006). The increase in demand from the domestic consumers as well as the international consumers may catalyze any growth in trade. International demand is stimulated by improved terms of trade between the home country and other countries. Moreover, a rise in factor productivity may ensure that the t rade is sustainable, as is the case in India (Giridharadas, 2006). As stated in the modern trade theory, the current modernization strategies by the developing India and the rapid growth of capital have contributed to the mobilization of capital from the domestic and foreign sources. On the other hand, the comparative advantage holds in the current economic climate of India. In fact, under comparative advantage, trade has become advantageous between India and other parts of the world due to incentives such as tax holidays, cheap labor, and support given to investors (Giridharadas, 2006). Besides, the comparative advantage has inspired differences in price and skills mix that can be attributed to the current affordable cost of doing business in India. Comparative advantage and increased domestic employment Reflectively, production factors remain different in countries. These factors of production are the basis of trade between countries. For instance, India has plenty of labor while the United States has plenty of capital.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through trading on these grounds, India and America may narrow their differences in wage. India may provide cheap labor in exchange for capital investment in different sectors. As a result of capital investment from foreign countries in India, the domestic employment rate will increase as companies will employ more local workers (Giridharadas, 2006). Basis of comparative advantage in the US The US has a massive capital accumulation which is a vital factor of production. For instance, the composition of the United States’ resources explains its imports and exports composition, especially to other parts of the world. Specifically, under individual sector scrutiny, it is apparent that trade has become more of a partnership function than mere exchange of goods and services (Giridharada s, 2006). These partnerships also deal with social aspects of trade. Apparently, the famous AGOA trade pact between America and its partners has been very helpful to the parties due to the benefits of comparative advantage on trade. Conclusion From the above reflection, it is apparent that international economics come into play in the global trade arena. The aspects of comparative advantage and modern trade have placed India in a strategic global trade position. Reference Giridharadas, A. (2006). India, known for outsourcing, expands in industry. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/19/business/worldbusiness/19factory.html

Work with the Solid Waste Management department to provide them with Assignment

Work with the Solid Waste Management department to provide them with an analysis of their trash collection practice - Assignment Example The City is likely to collect 163138.7 tons of solid waste in the next six months. The mean, 8.6, means that every trip carries about 8.6 tons of solid waste and that a total of 163,138.7 tons of solid waste was disposed in the six months. The value can then be used as an estimate for the next six months’ quantity of disposed waste. Cost of waste disposal can be derived from quantity of waste disposed and unit cost of disposal. Based on the number tons for each truck and landfill used for the six months, the City spent $3,895,594 in the first six months and this value is predicted for the next six months. The City will therefore spend a total of $7,791,188 on solid waste disposal. Analysis of the total cost of waste disposal suggests that the City spends about $ 205.323 per day, $ 3,895,594 in six months, and $ 649,265.7 per month on solid waste disposal. The City however disposes about 27,189.8 tons per month and this can be used to compute possible cost under WMI’s proposal. The proposal will therefore lead to a monthly expense of about $492,244.5, which is lower than the current monthly expenditure of $649,265.7. Based on the data, WMI’s proposal is recommended. Before making a decision, however, factors such as reliability and quality of service that WMI delivers should be considered. The City should ensure that WMI can match quality of the other service providers. The City should verify ability of WMI to collect waste at the expected times and whether the service provider has required resources and potentials to offer the service. Terms of the company’s service delivery, its future stability, and its adherence to environmental regulations are other factors that the City should consider before deciding to work with WMI (Johansson, Lunberg, and Ryberk, 2012). This is because the factors are important to utility among involved stakeholders such as

The Doctrine of Risk Assumption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Doctrine of Risk Assumption - Essay Example The case under research presents a classic example of assumption of risk set out in the tort of negligence. As such, it is significant to inspect the fundamentals that define the rationale for risk assumption and implications thereof. Typically, the ideals of this doctrine demand that the injured party must prove beyond any reasonable doubt that the defendant owed him the duty of care. Secondly, the plaintiff bears the onus of proof that the defendant breached such duty by failing to take all practicable measures and exercising necessary obligation to prevent potential injuries that may arise if such duty is breached. Thirdly, the injured party ought to demonstrate that the risk was not reasonably open and obvious for which the plaintiff sustained injuries. It is worth illustrating as well that the defendant was reckless as a result of which he caused the plaintiff actual injuries as reiterated by Wong. In examining these conundrums, the law purports that the doctrine of risk assumpt ion applies to the players as well as spectators and bystanders in the game in question. On the other hand, statutory logic suggests that any fans of a given game who decides to attend that game shall have assumed the risks associated with that game even if he is not actively engaged in the game. Notwithstanding actual attendance, the law shall not hold the owner of a playing ground liable for injuries suffered by persons who voluntarily assume the risk of taking part in a match thereon. Moreover, a claim for negligence can arise if the risk was not open and obvious whereby the injured parties could have opted to stay away if they had knowledge of such risks. For instance, it is not reasonable open and obvious that a stadium roof may collapse on football spectators if such the construction of such stadium had been supervised and certified by competent engineers.

Importance of selected accounting and related courses as preparation for a management accounting career Essay Example for Free

Importance of selected accounting and related courses as preparation for a management accounting career Essay The heart of the global economy is undergoing a tremendous growth, which has created favorable conditions for professional development accounting career paths.. The present job market is faced with competition and education in a given career choice broadens opportunities. There are numerous types of jobs for individuals to pursuit in the field of accounting with specific requirements for career ranks and particular career clusters. Previously, educators and parents have played a significant role in assisting students choose career paths perceived to be related to economic development and overall economic-driving career path. Career clusters demand similar fundamental education and training, skills and knowledge, and career pathways. Also, accounting career, just like other fields offers the professionals the opportunity to rise along the career ladder from entry level to senior most level.Accounting is the study of the procedure used by a business to track expenses, income, assets, and liabilities over time and at the same time adhering to reporting standards. Accounting career deals with the reporting, recording, and analysis of the financial transactions of a business. While many people think that accounting is a complex career, it is not much about subtracting and adding of numbers, yet about comprehending what those numbers mean and demonstrating the ability to apply and communicate the numbers in an approach that benefits of a business organization. Essentially, accounting revolves around the preparation and analysis of financial statements, which significantly evaluates the success or failures of the company. Accountants act as middle-men between the decision-makers and business activities. As such, they record data from transactions and translate it into a meaning and useful information useful to the management, stockholder, customers, employees, government agencies and creditors. See more:  First Poem for You Essay Accounting Career Cluster                Accounting clusters in accounting involve providing analysis and interpretation of financial records in order to prepare financial documents for regulatory authorities. The job clusters in accounting include tax advisor, auditor, budget analyst, accountant, and actuary. Clusters in accounting encompass career pathways that record, classify, analyze, summarize, and communicate a business’ financial information for management decision-making. Public Accountants               Individuals in public accounting are employed by public accounting firms. They offer a range of accounting activities from financial analysis, statement preparation, private businesses, public firms, non-profit entities and government agencies. Most public accountants are certified public accountants. The most common requirement is a CPA certification, yet there are some other accountings certificates as well, including certified fraud examiner, certified management accountant, and enrolled agents for those specializing in tax. The entry level of a public accountant is a bachelor degree in accounting or finance and proficiency in Microsoft Office applications. A mid-level public accountant must have a CPA certification an advanced degree like an MBA with a focus in accounting or MAcc is useful (Birrer, 2009). Senior level public accountant requires all the mid-level entry requirements with an MBA, or a MAcc is recommended. Financial Accountant                These are accounting individuals that prepares the financial statements based on the general ledgers besides participating in significant financial decisions involving M A, long-term and financial projections. Financial accountants, Birrer (2009) explains, are concerned with how the performance of a company is represented by outside party, loss and cash flow to managers and shareholders. Professionals in financial accounting career path follow the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles set by Financial Accounting Standards Board (Birrer, 2009). The requirements of an entry level a Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of business administration. Furthermore, knowledge of bookkeeping, accounting software, accounts payable and receivable. A CPA certification is mandatory for any accountant working for a public company registered with Securities and Exchange Commission. The senior level, however, requires a bachelor in accounting degree or finance or a graduate degree in finance such as MBA. Career paths for financial accountants include staff accountant, bookkeeping, accountant, financial accountant, financial controller, and chief financial officer at a senior level. Management Accountants                  These are individuals employed by public or private companies to support their goals by performing tasks such as budgeting, asset management, cost management, and performance evaluation. Management accountants develop their career to become budget analysts that are responsible for developing and managing financial plans of an organization. There is also a cost accountant profession that works with consulting, corporations or accounting firms in retail and manufacturing sectors. Management accountants, another career path, involve participation in decisions about capital budgeting, business analysis, and shaping business strategy within a company. Management accountants require a bachelor’s degree in accounting or finance and strong technology skills, particularly, in Microsoft Excel (Ankers, 2007). Career LadderPublic Accountant                  According to Institute for Career Research, (2006) reports that the entry level of a public accountant is defined by the types of roles, requirements and job description of pubic accounts. An entry level is a staff accountant, tax personal, or a junior auditor at an accountant firm. Rising through the ranks, the middle level of a public accountant is a senior associate/accountant or tax or a manager for the audit in an accounting firm. The highest accounting rank of a public accountant career path is a senior partner/partner or director of a firm also, a certified public accountant in private practice and a corporate accounting executive or a CFO in a private company. In the senior level, executive accounting oversees audits; tax, drives strategy and business developed and manage client relationships. CPA in private practice, however, works with clients on tax issues, audits or budget analysis. Finally, a CFO conducts senior level management accountant re sponsibilities. Financial Accountant                   The entry level of a financial accountant is a bookkeeper, accountant or a staff accountant for individuals with bachelor’s degree in arts, science or BA. Along the ranks, there is a financial accountant, senior financial analyst and a senior accountant for individuals with all entry level requirements. Besides, strong communications and analytical skills are necessary. The professionals must also demonstrate knowledge of financial regulation. The top most financial accountant career paths include financial director, chief financial officer and a financial controller. These positions require all mid-level entry requirements alongside excellent managerial and interpersonal skills, high standards of accuracy and integrity and a bachelor degree in accounting or finance with MBA desirable (Institute for Career Research, 2006).Management accountants’ entry level becomes staff accountants, junior internal auditor, cost accountant, and a tax accou ntant. Along the ranks, the professionals become accounting managers, senior internal auditor, and a senior accountant. Moreover, the senior-most level is a controller, CFO, director of finance or accounting. While the entry level requires a bachelors’ degree, along the ranks, a senior most position in management accountants requires solid management skills, track record of leadership and excellence in the field and knowledge of the organization and accounting principles of United States. Conclusion                  Discussing career clusters and ladder is such an interesting assignment to establish a solid career path. Accounting professionals are tasked with responsibilities in various career paths and different job ladders. In overall, the accounting field requires professionals to achieve a bachelors’ degree in accounting or finance alongside special skill and knowledge such as communication, computer software, accuracy, integrity, management skills and overall accounting principles. References Ankers, R. G. (2007). Opportunities in an accounting career. New York: Educational Books Division of Universal Pub and Distributing Corp. Birrer, G. E. (2009). Importance of selected accounting and related courses as preparation for a management accounting career. Ann Arbor, Mich: University Microfilms Institute for Career Research. (2006). Career as a certified public accountant: CPA : crunching the numbers and advising businesses and individuals on how to manage their financial affairs. Chicago: Institute for Career Research. Source document

Philosophy Statement :: Philosophy of Education Teaching Essays

Philosophy Statement Throughout my entire life there has always been one thing that has remained constant—there has always been some sort of teacher in my life. During my academic career, there have been teachers that I have liked and a few that I have disliked, but I have always respected them for what they accomplish on a day-to-day basis. It never occurred to me until my second year of college that I could also be a teacher. I have always participated in activities that stressed leadership, I have been a mentor for numerous children through 4-H and other youth programs. In a way I have been teaching my entire life, but I had never realized it until now. My classroom will be a place to learn and a place to develop social skills. It will include brightly colored and informational bulletin boards and seating that will depend on the classroom activity at the time. There will hopefully be at least three computers in the classroom and lots of resource and research materials available not only for me, the teacher, but also for the students. Throughout the school year projects will be assigned that will be relevant to the topic being studied at that time. As the school year progresses, projects will also be displayed around the room. Hopefully these will serve to inspire the students to learn and research new ideas on their own. The philosophy that I believe I am most similar too is John Dewey’s philosophy of Progressivism. Like Dewey I also believe that â€Å"one constant truth about the universe is the existence of change†. This is something that is not uncontrollable. As humans change their relationship with the environment that is being changed, they will change and be made different, and theoretically better, by the experience. I believe that change is very important in a classroom because one class of students is very dissimilar from another class. The teacher should be flexible so they are able to effectively teach all types of children. One of my goals would be to have my students be free-thinking and intellectual members of society. Education is a chance to utilize past experiences and to apply it to a new experience.

Compare Candide and Tartuffe

In  Tartuffe, Moliere's use's plot to defend and oppose characters that symbolize and ridicule habitual behavior's that was imposed during the neo-classical time period. His work, known as a comedy of manners, consists of flat characters, with few and similar traits and that always restore some kind of peace in the end. He down plays society as a whole by creating a microseism, where everyone in the family has to be obedient, respectful, and mindful of the head of the home, which is played by the father Orgon. Mariane shows her obedience when she replies â€Å"To please you, sir, is what delights me best. (Moliere 324,11) Shortly afterwards, Orgon commands Mariane to take Tartuffe as her husband even though she is not interested in him at all. Orgon's command shows how men are dominate and have control over social order. Mariane's strong obedience to her father (Orgon) supports the Neo-Classical element that the individual is not as important as society. Moliere discusses logic an d reasoning by blindfolding Orgon to the reality of Tartuffe's intentions that causes him to make dumb decisions. In the process, Orgon disregard's his family when told of Tartuffe's intentions.After Tartuffe cons Orgon into believing that Damis's accusation is false Orgon replies, â€Å"I know your motives, I now you wish him ill:/Yes, all of you – wife, children, servants, all – /Conspire against him and desire his fall. † (Moliere 341-342,46-48) Orgon then excommunicates his own son, indicating that his reasoning is deferred due to his ignorance. This in due course challenges the Neo-Classical belief that logic and reasoning is more important than emotion because Orgon acts solely on his emotions. He feels as if his family has turned against his friend so he operates upon his feelings.When Damis returns home and Tartuffe (instead of Orgon) gets locked up, order is restored. At the end, the family commends the officer for apprehending the true criminal by sayi ng, â€Å"Heaven be praised! / We're safe. / I can't believe the danger's past. † (Moliere 361, 84-87) This is when Moliere demonstrated the common saying that â€Å"what happens in the dark will eventually come to the light, therefore allowing confusion to re-establish its order. Moliere developed a series of flat characters, which satirized the Neo-Classic belief system.In  Candide, Voltaire's approach is called black comedy. Many devastating factor's play into the character's lives that causes the reader to be amused in a cynical way in order to guard their inner feelings. He challenges society as a whole by the way he implements real life occurrences into his writing and makes them come alive. This becomes evident when Dr. Pangloss told Candide what came of Cunegonde at the castle of Westphalia after he left. Pangloss described her as being â€Å"disemboweled by the Bulgar soldiers, after having been raped to the absolute limit of human endurance. (Voltaire 524) This causes the imagination to display a vivid picture of the severity of the situation. Furthermore he challenges order by illustrating the human condition. Candide's confusion causes him to ask, â€Å"have they always been liars, traitors, ingrates, thieves, weaklings, sneaks, cowards, backbiters, gluttons, drunkards, misers, climbers, killer's, calumniators, sensualists, fanatics, hypocrites, and fools? † (Voltaire 557) There is an ongoing war between people, and all the while Candide and the others are attempting to maintain. Dr. Pangloss represents the optimism that Voltaire challenges.Pangloss show this by saying, â€Å"it was love; love, the consolation of the human race, the preservative of the universe, the soul of all sensitive beings, love, gentle love. † (Voltaire 525) He challenges, † optimism by his representation of Dr. Pangloss. Dr. Pangloss's blind optimistic approach allows him to forget about the fighting that is occurring amongst people and he only sees love. Satirical approaches to writing were used to change the captivated way of thinking during the late 17th and 18th centuries. The Neo-Classic time period contributed in the expansion of people's view of life.The Enlightenment period writers focused on reason, knowledge, and rationality as major themes. In this era the  Catholic Church  was still an extremely powerful institution operating throughout much of Europe; however reason was beginning to emerge as an alternative to faith and religion. As a result, Enlightenment writers began to look at the world critically and rationally. Much of the important literature of the period was satirical in nature, using humor, irony, and exaggeration to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other significant issues.Two great Enlightenment writers, Moliere and Voltaire, use satirical approaches in their works that have various similarities and differences. The simi larities between Moliere's Tartuffe and Voltaire's Candide are primarily rooted in common Enlightenment themes. For example, in both stories the writers focus on questioning and criticizing the nature of hierarchies in our society, particularly the members of the aristocratic or upper classes rather than â€Å"common† people. In Tartuffe, Orgon and his family are members of the aristocracy.Orgon owns his estate and clearly has enough  money  to provide for his entire family in addition to Tartuffe and his friend. Similarly, Voltaire's story focuses on Candide, who may be missing a fraction of his aristocratic  family tree, but is still considered upper class. As the story progresses, the reader sees Candide's accruement of money and wealth despite his initial expulsion from his uncle's estate in the first pages of the story. Although both Voltaire and Moliere write about upper class individuals, neither writer focuses on serious psychological characters in their works.I n fact, quite the opposite is true: the characters in both Tartuffe and Candide are relatively one-dimensional. Enlightenment writers commonly used characters that could serve as â€Å"types† that would be easily recognizable and identifiable to their audiences. Enlightenment writers like Moliere and Voltaire also do not look deeply into characters. Because the characters are so one-dimensional and because the focus during the time period was on the social aspect rather than psychological characteristics, audiences don't often see characters alone.Candide is rarely alone throughout his travels, doing whatever he can do acquire a â€Å"side kick† when he lacks company. Describing a character's individual thoughts in moments of isolation would be more geared toward illuminating the differences between characters. For Enlightenment writers, however, the focus was on the similarities between people rather than these differences. Another similarity between the pieces is a v ery little  sense  of nature or the natural world. Tartuffe. In Candide, the main characters trek across the globe, yet the reader is offered very little description of the locations hey visit. For Enlightenment writers, settings are simply background. Instead, the focus is on the conversation between the characters and the social aspect of events or situations. There was simply little interest in things considered to be outside of society. Although there are many similarities between the two writers, there is about a century's difference in the satire between them. Satire changed during this period of time and gained a lot more edge in Voltaire's time than in Moliere's, partially because of the new scrutiny and criticism of people.Voltaire's satire, for example, is a lot more focused and daring. On the other hand, the threshold for social criticism in Moliere's time was relatively low. Moliere's play would have offended the Church so much so that the writer went out of his way to hyperbolize Tartuffe's hypocrisy. The idea that Tartuffe could have been taken as a â€Å"serious† religious figure was problematic for Moliere despite the fact that Tartuffe was not written as a clergyman. Tartuffe's hypocrisy was as obvious as possible so as not to impugn pious members of the church or clergy.While both Moliere and Voltaire are masterful writers, their satirical approaches have various similarities and differences. Both writers utilize humor, irony, and exaggeration to make their social commentaries that were primarily directed towards the aristocracy. Despite all of their similarities, however, a major difference between the two writers is the time period during which they wrote. Moliere was forced to use much more subtle satire as a result of the oppressive Catholic Church. Voltaire, on the other hand, wrote nearly one hundred years later and was far less constrained and therefore able to use a much more brutal form of satire.Nevertheless, both Tartuff e and Candide are excellent representations of Enlightenment thinking and social criticism at the time. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Tartuffe and Candide are two novels that greatly show a general exaltation of emotion over reason and the senses over intellect. These stories are perfect examples of how life in the neoclassical era also dealt with certain situations that we humans face in today’s world as well. Disputing emotion over reason and the senses over intellect can be explained through both worlds; then and today. Tartuffe on page 19, was written by Moliere. Tartuffe’s them was excess vs. moderation.This goes to show that any excess is an off route to a disciplined life of reason and therefore, it is an example of disorder and a potential disruption of society. Tartuffe show’s several aspects of hypocrisy. Hypocrisy means pretending to be virtuous when one is not and it is a violation of order because it poses tw o realities, reality and its pretense, when we know there is really only one. The reason for hypocrisy is their reaction, not their emotion. Several people in this story were guilty of wrongful reasoning, to provoke hypocrisy. Their sense of intellect was misled by their emotions over wrongful reasoning.Tartuffe and Orgon were major victims of hypocrisy. Tartuffe led Orgon to believe he’s a pure and a loyal friend when in fact he was not that. Tartuffe also tried to take of advantage of Orgon’s wife, Elmire. He also used Mariane to get closer to Orgon’s name and possessions, by convincing Orgon to force his daughter Mariane to marry him. Tartuffe is supposedly supposed to be a â€Å"good Christian† by; being out in the open with worship at church services, yet a true Christian wouldn’t do that. But one way Tartuffe is showing good intellect, even if it is used in an unmoral way, is him kneeling to Orgon.When someone kneels before you, Tartuffe was giving all responsibility, reason, power, judgment to Orgon. Tartuffe is giving power to get power, unlike Orgon who frustrates everyone for power. Orgon is somewhat the villain for giving Tartuffe the power. Orgon is also overly in passion in regards to Tartuffe. He is even worse than Madam Pernelle. He no longer cared about what he was supposed to be responsible for. And he replaced genuine responsibility for his family with unneeded concern for Tartuffe. An example of this act is on page 24 scene 4.Orgon showed wrongful reasoning by giving his word to Mariane’s true love Valere. And then took his word back by forcing her to marry Tartuffe. And in doing so he let himself fall for Tartuffe’s trap of ruining his family. In this story Orgon is trying to trade responsibility for control. He is also trying to control his family, which is sad. Orgon thinks he is getting older, losing control and is going through what some would call a mid-life crisis. Mariane also shows aw ful reasoning by letting her dad push her around and agree to her father that she would follow his word to marry Tartuffe when she really didn’t want †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Moliere’s Tartuffe, Racine’s Phaedra and Voltaire’s Candide are each exemplary literary works of the 18th  century in their own rights. Tartuffe is a satirical comedy, Phaedra an intense tragedy and Candide a thought-provoking travelogue. While each adheres austerely to its genre, various similarities as well as contrasting differences can be traced among the aforementioned works. Written during the Age of Enlightenment, each of these works reflects the ideology of the period and hence, has various similarities. Firstly, each of these works glorifies reason over religion and the theory that man is responsible for his own actions.These timeless masterpieces were revolutionary among contemporaries. Moliere uses comedy to ridicule hypocrites, impostors and fools who ignore moderate commo n sense. He mocked certain religious sects and tried to point attention to the corrupt among them. At the time, such ridicule of those associated with the Church was highly unacceptable and was considered radical. Voltaire too tried to poke fun at members of the upper class and institutionalized religion through the character of Cunegonde’s brother – the young baron. He portrayed him as a homosexual and a man of stringent narrow-minded beliefs.Other ideas and that make this piece revolutionary are the deliberate ridicule of popular beliefs and a scene implying bestiality. Phaedra too was revolutionary because it was the one of the first works that portrayed a story from a feminine point of view. Phaedra is the mythological classic Hippolytus re-written from the perspective of a female protagonist. The first of its sort, Phaedra broke new grounds. Thus each of these works can be considered revolutionary. Another aspect worth comparing is the portrayal of female characte rs in these plays.Each of these classics describes their female characters as attractive, smart, opportunistic and deceptive. In Tartuffe, the lady of the house Elmire seduces Tartuffe in order to bring to light his true nature and save her family’s fortune. Racine describes Phaedra as a woman tempted by incest and possessed by jealousy. In Candide, the female characters – Cunegonde, the maid, Paquette and the Marquise of Parolignac are described as opportunistic, astute and conniving. Thus, the three works have a similar discernment of women. These works also portray a similar complexity of relationships.In Tartuffe, the man of the house – Oregon is portrayed as narrow-minded and gullible. Oregon sticks to his beliefs and there is spell of tension among the family members. He shields himself from common logic and refuses to hear the voice of reason. In Phaedra, Theseus blindly believes the words of another and summons death on to his own son. Candide too has a similar portrayal of family relationships. Cunegonde’s brother refuses permission to allow Candide to marry her because he values the caste system over his sister’s love.Also, Candide who has sworn immortal love for his beloved Cunegonde tries to revoke his steps when he finds she is no more the attractive young girl he fell in love with and she too willingly gives him up to marry a wealthy governor. These works also lack a hero or a model of perfection. In Tartuffe, the central character is a crook, while Oregon is gullible and Elmire crafty and opportunistic. In Phaedra, the central character is seen as weak and immoral, Theseus as disloyal and Hippolytus as proud and vain. In Candide, the protagonist is easily fooled and commits various sins including adultery and murder during his adventures.Thus, each of this pieces lack the traditional hero or a paradigm of virtue to look up to. While these works are similar in many ways, they also have wide range of differences. The most notable difference among the genres is the emotional ambience set throughout the individual works. Tartuffe maintains comical situations through every scene, mostly satirical with a touch of slapstick for relief. While, in polar contrast Phaedra maintains a very serious tone throughout the story with a wave of intense scenes troughed with moderation.Candide however, transcends genres as it moves from tragedy to comedy. Defined as a black comedy, it combines tragedy and comedy to form a new genre. A noteworthy dissimilarity between the three plays is that Moliere and Voltaire use Tartuffe and Phaedra respectively to give vent to their views and opinions on society at the time and its defects. Phaedra however is a take of the Roman classic, Hippolytus from a different perspective. Further, Tartuffe and Candide have a male central character while the story of Phaedra revolves around a female.As mentioned earlier, Phaedra is far more revolutionary in this context compared to t he other two as it tackles a story from a woman’s perspective. Another major point of difference between the genres is the result they achieve. The tragedy of Phaedra evokes the sublime and results in an emotional catharsis for the reader – a purge of feelings. On the other hand, Candide and Tartuffe use the genre of comedy to bring to light the various evils of society. The happy ending gives a reassuring feeling and the scenes of humor are entertainingly amusing.Hence, the different genres bring out different emotions from the reader. The three pieces are also different by means of the message they pose to deliver to the reader. Tartuffe tries to prove right the statement ‘the end justifies the means,’ with Elmire using Tartuffe’s method against him. Phaedra, an intense and dramatic tragedy, depicts how pride destroys the mighty and Candide debunks the theory ‘Everything is for the best in the best of all possible worlds. ’ The most i mportant factor that unifies each of the three genres is that they all aim to entertain. However their method of reaching this common goal varies.Tartuffe uses comedy, Phaedra tragedy and Candide transcends genres and uses a combination of both. Hence, they can be seen as different roads that lead to the same destination. Candide Voltaire's Candide has many themes, though one central, philosophical theme traverses the entire work. This theme is a direct assault on the philosophy of Leibniz, Pope and others. Leibniz held that the world created by God was the best possible world with perfect order and reason. Alexander Pope, similarly, in his Essay on Man, argues that every human being is a part of a greater, rational, grand design of God.Pangloss stresses this viewpoint-that what appears to be evil is actually part of a greater good-when he asserts to Jacques that â€Å"private misfortunes make for public welfare.? /font> Voltaire, on the other hand, found that his own experiences c ontradicted this optimistic determinism. Much like his protagonist, Candide, Voltaire must abandon this belief after realizing the needless suffering that surrounds him. Thus the major theme of the book revolves around this idea that the world is not the best of all possible ones, that it isn't determined by reason and order, and that accident and chance play a major role.Though as a deist, Voltaire believed that God did create the world, he also believed that human injustice and brutality made the world anything but perfect. Furthermore, he believed that the fatalistic philosophy of Pope and others stripped man of his God-given free will. In addition to his anti-philosophy current which runs throughout the work, Voltaire also satirically indicts religion and war. Almost from the first chapter to the last, Voltaire depicts religious men (priests, monks, etc) as hypocrites who don't live up to the religion they profess to believe.Most importantly, Voltaire makes the Church out to be one of the most corrupt, violence-ridden institutions on the planet. This is seen both during the Inquisition scene towards the middle of the book as well as the Jesuit satire seen while Candide and Cacambo are in Paraguay. Based largely on Voltaire's experiences of the Seven Years? War (1756-63), an anti-war message is found throughout the fast-paced narrative of Candide. Voltaire bitingly criticizes both the French (Abares) and the Prussians (Bulgars). Casually describing the thousands of dead soldiers on both sides, Voltaire underscores how wasteful these â€Å"heroes? re of human life, clearly showing his anti-war sentiments. During one such battle, Candide, his protagonist, hides, doing his best to keep away from the needless bloodshed and â€Å"heroic butchery.? After the battle subsides, he escapes through the battlefield, seeing the â€Å"scattered brains and severed limbs? that â€Å"littered the ground.? /font> Thus, Voltaire bashes a multitude of people and institutio ns throughout Candide. Despite his many sources of criticism, however, Voltaire merges all of his satires into one, larger message-that the human world is utterly disutopian.All of the versions of utopia which Voltaire raises up and then slams down in his work demonstrate such a loss of optimism. Pangloss? utopia, for one, which simply changes the conditions of the word to fit it to the world he knows is proven false, since even Pangloss himself eventually stops believing it. Eldorado, a second kind of utopia, also fails to satisfy Candide, who soon becomes bored, yearning for adventure, and, of course, Cunegonde. Only the decision to simply till the land at the conclusion of the book satisfies a quasi-utopian hope of the reader.Yet when Pangloss tries to resurrect the idea that this world is a utopia in the second to last paragraph, Candide himself dismisses the notion. The eighteenth century in Europe,  more famously known as the â€Å"Age of Enlightenment,† was a time of profound literary advances. It was an era that saw the expansion and perfection of the novel and an unprecedented proliferation of socially conscious works. The period produced a veritable slew of classics, two among them clearly being Moliere's  Tartuffe  and Voltaire's  Candide. Although written in different times and in different ormats, both works present humorous stories as vehicles for social commentary. Both tales would be classics for their satire alone, but it is their portrayal of women that is perhaps most interesting. European women in the eighteenth century occupied a precarious position between the ponderous advance of liberalism and the lingering influence of traditional gender roles, and the two works offer broad insights into the lives of such women. Moliere's  Tartuffe  and Voltaire's  Candide  both feature sympathetic and dignified portrayals of strong female characters subordinated or oppressed by eighteenth century society.One such character in Mo liere's  Tartuffe  is Dorine, the lady-maid to Orgon's wife Elmire. In  Tartuffe, Moliere presents Dorine as an intelligent woman with a good understanding of human behavior. Moliere attests to her intelligence early in the story by showing her to be the most perceptive member of the household. Unlike Orgon, who is so dimwitted and foolish that he is completely blind to Tartuffe's chicanery, Dorine is able to â€Å"see right through him,† bluntly declaring him a â€Å"fraud† (Moliere 25).Dorine is also consistently presented as outspoken and opinionated, frequently chastising Orgon's actions, particularly concerning the marriage of Mariane and Tartuffe (Moliere 40-42). Furthermore, although Moliere places Dorine in the relatively low position of a lady-maid, he is always quick to display her innate intelligence, dignity, and perceptiveness. In doing so, Moliere actually depicts Dorine as a walking contradiction; Dorine clearly possesses mental acuity beyond her s tation, but she is still a maid.Her situation illustrates the position of countless proletarian women of the age: competent and intelligent, but mired in inequality and menial labor. As Dorine states in the play, ironically speaking of Madame Pernelle rather than herself, â€Å"She's thus because she can't be otherwise† (Moliere 27). Moliere's commentary on society is exceptionally penetrating here. In making Dorine, a servant (and a female at that), perceptive and intelligent, and the higher class men of the household either hopelessly foolish or ineffectual, he is demonstrating that class and gender mean little in determining one's worth or intellect.Elmire, the dutiful wife of the dullard Orgon, is portrayed in a similar manner despite her different position. In Tartuffe, Moliere depicts the character as a resourceful and intelligent woman much like Dorine. Elmire is clearly shown to be mentally superior to her husband, to the point that she becomes frustrated with her hus band's gullibility concerning Tartuffe, saying bluntly that â€Å"[Orgon's] blindness takes [her] breath away† (Moliere 67). Elmire is also a key figure in Moliere's work.When Orgon refuses to admit that Tartuffe could possibly harbor adulterous intentions, Elmire takes the initiative and persuades her stubborn husband to hide under a table while she manipulates Tartuffe into admitting his nefarious intent (Moliere 68-69). The fact that Elmire is forced to manipulate her husband's decisions rather than make her own, however, is a clear illustration of the subordinate status of women in eighteenth century marriage. For all her cunning, Elmire is still presented as the subordinate figure in the marriage; it is Orgon who controls the finances, home, and daughters of the family.Indeed, Moliere depicts Elmire as a character much like Dorine: strong, sympathetic, yet ultimately subject to the patriarchal society of the eighteenth century. Elmire is restrained by her status as a wif e, Dorine is restrained by her position as a maid, and both are ultimately subordinated by virtue of being female. A similar portrayal of women comes in Voltaire's  Candide, particularly in the character Cunegonde, Candide's love interest and ultimate wife. Voltaire presents Cunegonde as a simple but honest woman with the potent advantages of being â€Å"of noble lineage† and â€Å"rosy-cheeked, fresh, plump, and appetizing† (276).Unlike Moliere, Voltaire does not imbue his female characters with outstanding intelligence; instead, his female characters exhibit a keen understanding of human behavior born from life experience and intuition. Arthur Scherr comments on this in his article â€Å"Voltaire's ‘Candide': a tale of women's equality,† stating that Cunegonde: Unfortunately, Cunegonde eventually undergoes horrific experiences at the hands of several men in  Candide. In her terrible journey, Cunegonde becomes a symbol of the more terrible and overt c rimes perpetrated towards women in the eighteenth century and throughout time.Throughout the course of the novel, Cunegonde suffers rape, mutilation, and multiple kidnappings (Voltaire 286-287). Although she is able to recover from the experiences, and actually becomes somewhat stronger in doing so, she is nevertheless victimized and traumatized by eighteenth century warfare and society. Much like Moliere's Dorine and Elmire, Cunegonde is limited by her status as a female, and suffers atrocities as a result. Voltaire is perhaps somewhat hyperbolic in creating her story for effect, but the spirit of her experiences is not unlike those of many European women caught in the many wars of the eighteenth century.Ultimately, Voltaire portrays Cunegonde as a sympathetic woman who retains her dignity despite experiencing the worst of social realities in eighteenth century Europe. Indeed, Moliere's  Tartuffe  and Voltaire's  Candide  both present strong portrayals of sympathetic, digni fied women restrained or aggressed against by eighteenth century society. Though the works differ greatly in style, one can see social commentary on the status of women in Moliere's mild, amusing comedy and Voltaire's sensational, abrasive satire.The authors' female characters are strong, complex figures that, much like many women of the eighteenth century, were forced to exist in a position of relative weakness. Ironically, it is the very ability of those authors to see such injustices that is probably most influenced by the Enlightenment ideas and slowly expanding liberalism of the era itself. Whatever the case may be, both works stand even today as classics, not just for their brilliant satire, but also for their potent insight into the experiences of eighteenth century women.Considering  Tartuffe  was written in the 17th century, you might expect the female characters to be soft-spoken, demure, and generally pretty dull. But that couldn't be further from the truth – w ell, except in the case of Mariane; she's soft-spoken, demure, and generally pretty dull. But Elmire and Dorine – that's a whole different story. Each one defies convention with gusto: they do some things that would still be audacious even today. They're quick-witted, strong-willed, and a bit saucy. They're a match for their male counterparts anytime, any day. http://www. shmoop. om/tartuffe/women-femininity-quotes. html Voltaire’s Candide is a very funny satire that skewers the Optimistic attitude that â€Å"this is the best of all possible worlds. † Obviously, considering the horrific events Candide goes through, this isn’t the best of anything. Candide has several companions in his misadventures, notably Dr. Pangloss, his mentor and tutor; and Cacambo, his servant. Of the women in the tale, two are most important: Cunegonde, the woman Candide loves, and the old woman, whom he meets on his travels. This paper will compare and contrast the way the two wo men are presented in the novel.II Cunegonde Cunegonde is Candide’s true love. She is the daughter of the Baron Thunder-ten-tronckh, who raised Candide in his castle. She is beautiful, desirable, and despite all the horrible things that happen to her, she is fearfully dull. She is raped and cut open by Bulgarian soldiers (she notes it isn’t always necessary to die from such treatment); sold to numerous men as a sexual plaything; reunited with Candide; parted from him; and reunited again at the end of the book. She isn’t very bright, and she’s essentially passive as a doormat.She fights her Bulgarian rapist, but as soon as she’s rescued (by a Bulgarian captain, not Candide) she becomes his willing servant and his lover. When he grows tired of her, he sells her to a Jew named Don Issachar, who adores women. But soon after that she catches the eye of the Grand Inquisitor, who also wants her. The two men work out an arrangement whereby Don Issachar visi ts her Monday, Wednesday and the Sabbath; the Grand Inquisitor has the other four days of the week, though there have been some arguments, apparently, about when the Sabbath begins and ends.Soon after Cunegonde tells Candide her tale, Don Issachar shows up. He immediately attacks Candide, and Candide kills him. A few moments later, the Grand Inquisitor arrives, and Candide figures that he’ll turn them in, so he kills him, too. Then he, Cunegonde and the old woman escape from the scene. When they arrive at an inn, Cunegonde comment is â€Å"Where will I find another Jew and another inquisitor to give me more jewels? She is for sale to the highest bidder; she also has the brains of a flea, and because Candide is a bright young man, his devotion to her is ridiculous; a satirical example of men’s weakness for women. III The Old Woman The old woman is a much livelier character, despite the fact that she’s so much older, and despite the fact that she has been through many of the same ordeals as the younger woman: she has been raped numerous times, sold far more often than Cunegonde, and even had one buttock cut off to feed the janissaries that were defending her and other women of a harem.The daughter of Pope Urban X, she has been raised in luxury only to fall prey to pirates and sold into slavery. But she meets his misfortunes with an energy and drive that Cunegonde lacks. She even says at one point: â€Å"I have been a hundred times upon the point of killing myself, but still I was fond of life. † (Voltaire, PG). The greatest difference between the two lies in the old woman’s active stance, as contrasted with Cunegonde’s passivity. We learn that the old woman was sold at last to a Boyard, who put her to work in the fields and lashed her every day.But instead of simply assuming this was her lot in life, she did something about it: â€Å"But this nobleman having about two years afterwards been broken alive upon the wheel, with about thirty others, for some court intrigues, I took advantage of the event, and made my escape. † (Voltaire, PG). After escaping, she tells us, she traveled through many different countries, making her living as a servant at various inns and hostels. In this too she is different from Cunegonde, who has been satisfied to allow men to keep her.She has lived a live that is actually much harder than Cunegonde’s, because the latter has been sheltered and cared for by men who wanted her for her beauty and sexual charms, which meant that she was well-treated (if any woman being sold against her will can be said to be well-treated). Still, both Don Issachar and the Grand Inquisitor gave her rich gifts, good food and fine wine; no one did such things for the older woman. True, they were both little better than slaves, but Cunegonde accepted her chains while the old woman fought hers.Finally, as she finishes relating her tale, the old woman says â€Å"I have a great deal of knowledge and experience in the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Voltaire, PG). And that may be the biggest difference of all. Cunegonde, as I say, is not very bright, and so the things that she’s been through mean little to her, and she hasn’t learned much from them. But the old woman has gained a great deal of experience, and furthermore, put it to use. She has escaped from the Boyard and made a living for herself in many different countries, surely not an easy thing to do. IV ConclusionThe women in Candide, in general, suffer a great deal of physical hardship. Rape abounds, as does torture, mutilation and other types of general mayhem. But they react to their misfortunes very differently. Cunegonde accepts whatever happens to her passively; indeed, one gets the impression that she simply lets events roll over her, neither noticing nor caring much what happens. The old woman, however, is very much aware of what’s going on, and she actively involves herself with events. In so doing, she becomes the more attractive character.